Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Technology and Art :: essays research papers

Does estimate make a difference? In the realm of innovation, everything relies upon the shopper. The primary ages of TVs were structured in an exceptionally straightforward structure. Most were square, made of wood, and had a round dial to change channels. These days, we have a wide range of shapes and capacities for TVs. Culture and innovation have largy affected the advancement of the plan and highlights of the cutting edge TV. The plan of the TV has definitely changed after some time. For instance, the 1948 Fada model was huge in volume and it had a curved and oval molded screen. It had four handles used to tune and change channels. The structure was made of wood and it incorporated a genuinely enormous speaker underneath the twelve inch screen. The TV just approached thirteen channels. The dial just shows that the way of life didn't approach numerous channels. Past TVs were basic in light of the fact that the way of life was basic. Individuals didn't require several channels and huge screens to be fulfilled. Current TVs presently come in different sizes and have highlights to oblige the customers. For instance, the Philips-Magnavox 50FD9955 is slender and has a fifty inch (askew) rectangular level screen. This TV can be put anyplace possible. It very well may be held tight a divider or even on the roof. The huge size of this TV speaks to present day society’s requirement for greater and better things. It has an on/off catch, two channel catches, two volume catches, and different catches for modifying the shading. The station fastens on the advanced TV speak to the boundless number of channels. The structure is made of metal and plastic and it remembers a speaker for each side. The plastic body is simpler to shape, less expensive to deliver, and simpler alter the shading. The TV accompanies standard sound/video jacks, link jacks, and a S-Video jack to suit VCRs, DVD players, camcorders, and different adornments. These extra highlights didn't simply show up for the time being, they created with society to fulfill their necessities. TV is structured around its way of life. Previously, sitting in front of the TV was a route for families to be together. Everybody accumulated around the TV and viewed a similar show. Families didn't have the extravagances of possessing more than one TV and having many channels. Today, pretty much every room in the house has a TV. Individuals in various rooms are currently ready to watch their own shows.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Synthesis of Salicylic Acid and Potentiometric Determination of Its Purity and Dissociation Constant

Amalgamation of Salicylic Acid and Potentiometric Determination of its Purity and Dissociation Constant â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- Abstract The reason for the examination is to combine salicylic corrosive from the ester, methyl salicylate, and decide the acid’s separation consistent and virtue. The ester was changed over to salicylic corrosive by base hydrolysis. The items were refluxed and recrystallized, to guarantee most extreme virtue, and sifted, dried, and gauged. The dissolving purpose of the item was resolved utilizing a Fischer-Johns liquefying point mechanical assembly. The corrosive at that point broke up in isolated measuring utencils with 95% ethanol and water and titrated with 0. 050 M NaOH, recently normalized with potassium hydrogen phthalate, through potentiometric titration. The pH after option of base was estimated and plotted against the volume of titrant included utilizing three unique plots. Results show a 61. 0% yield and the dissolving point varied from the hypothetical by a scope of 3. 11-6. 83%. The pKa determined was 2. 865, varying from the writing estimation of 2. 98, by 3. 86%. The hypothetical virtue of the example was 100. 0%, which varied with the trial one by 1. %; the trial virtue is 101. 7%. Potentiometric titration ends up being satisfactory in the assurance of the corrosive separation consistent and immaculateness of an example. Beside that, the amalgamation demonstrated sufficient given the high virtue of the item. â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- Keywords: corrosive separ ation consistent immaculateness softening point ester INTRODUCTION Potentiometric strategies for investigation depend on estimating the capability of electrochemical cells without drawing a lot, calculable current. For quite a long time, potentiometry has been utilized to find the endpoint in most titration set-ups. Skoog, et al. , 2004). Potentiometric techniques offer a bunch of focal points, its primary bit of leeway being its low operational expenses. Voltmeters and terminals are, for the most part, far less expensive than most present day logical instruments. Models appropriate for direct potentiometry in field work, away from the research facility, are modest, minimized, and simple to utilize. Basically nondestructive of the example, I. e. , inclusion of the cathode doesn't definitely change the organization of the test arrangement (aside from the slight spillage of electrolytes from the reference anode), terminals are moderately liberated from impedances. Stable potential readings are accomplished decently quickly and voltages are effectively recorded as elements of time. At long last, the wide scope of analyte exercises, over which a portion of the accessible marker terminals display stable, about Nernstian reactions, speaks to a significant favorable position (Day and Underwood, 1991). Potentiometric titrations include estimation of the capability of a reasonable marker cathode as an element of titrant volume. This pointer terminal is speecific to the hydronium particle, H3O+. It offers adavantages over direct potentiometry in that it isn't subject to estimating supreme estimations of Ecell. This is expected to having the estimation dependent on the titrant volume that causes a quick change in potential close to the equality point. This makes the procedure moderately liberated from the juction potential vulnerabilities as this potential remains roughly steady during the titration procedure. Rather, the titration results rely intensely upon having a titrant with precisely known fixation. The instrument simply flags the endpoint and carries on like an ordinary compound pointer. Beside that, the reference anode potential need not be known. Above all, ionic quality impacts are not significant in the titration method on the grounds that the outcome is analyte fixation, regardless of whether the anode reacts to exercises. The separation of a frail monoprotic corrosive is given by the condition HA †H+ + A†(1) [H+][Aâ€] [HA] where HA is the monoprotic corrosive, and A†is its conjugate base. The comparing harmony consistent for this corrosive separation is characterized as Ka = (2) Ka[HA] [Aâ€] which, when looking to discover [H+], improves to [H+] = (3) Prior to the proportionality point, before any titrant was included and the analyte is the main species present in arrangement, the pH of the framework is determined from the centralization of that analyte and its separation consistent. For the situation where a feeble monoprotic corrosive is being titrated with a solid base, ensuing expansion of the titrant will make a response happen between the corrosive and the base. HA + OH†> H2O + A†(4) The nearness of the corrosive and its conjugate base in arrangement will cause the development of a cradle arrangement, which are arrangements that oppose an uncommon change in pH, should a solid corrosive or base be added to the framework. At these focuses, the slant of a built titration bend is at its base. This is the pre-proportionality point. There is a point during the pre-comparability point district wherein both the corrosive and its conjugate base are available in equivalent sums. This happens when half of the corrosive has been killed, or when the titration is at the half-equality point. Now, the buffering limit of the framework is at its most extreme. Beside that, rearranging Eq. 3 now by investigation, the [H+] is equivalent to that of the Ka. Taking the negative of the logarithm of the two sides, one will have the option to get the connection pH = pKa (Skoog, et al. , 2004). In this manner, the separation steady might be registered through deciding the pH at half-identicalness point. This examination will utilize salicylic corrosive as the analyte. Salicylic corrosive, Fig. 1. Salicylic corrosive is a powerless monoprotic corrosive, fit for discharging the acidic hydrogen associated with the â€COOH gathering. The hydrogen of the phenol bunch is difficult to discharge on the grounds that the oxygen is balanced out by reverberation. Salicylic corrosive is a normally occuring substance, for the most part created by plants. It is found for the most part in the willow's leaves and bark. The unadulterated corrosive has a few helpful therapeutic properties. It is an antipyretic (fever reducer), pain relieving (torment reliever) and mitigating (growing reducer). In any case, unadulterated salicylic corrosive makes for a very terrible medication. Salicylic corrosive contains two acidic practical gatherings, the phenolic (C6H5OH) and the carboxylic corrosive (RCOOH) gatherings. These gatherings cause the corrosive to be a disturbing substance that consumes the fragile covering of the mouth, throat, and stomach, thus its esterification to acetylsalicylic corrosive or anti-inflamatory medicine, before ingestion as pain relieving (Reed College, 2009). Esterificaton is the procedure by which a carboxylic corrosive is changed to an ester. Esters are natural aggravates that are inferred as a rule by responding a carboxylic corrosive and a liquor. The general recipe for esters is with the RC=O bunch gotten from the parent carboxylic corrosive, and the â€OR’ bunch from the parent liquor. The instrument for the response of the liquor and carboxylic corrosive to frame the ester is as per the following: Fig. 2. System of Esterification from a Carboxylic corrosive RCOOH and liquor R’OH Esters may likewise be orchestrated by responding the carboxylic corrosive with different reagents, for example, SOCl2 to frame the acyl chloride, which will at that point be treated with a liquor in pyridine, to esterify it. Esters are among the most across the board of all normally occuring mixes. Numerous esters are lovely smelling fluids that are liable for the fragrant scent of leafy foods. For instance, methyl butanoate is discovered n pineapple oil and isopentyl acetic acid derivation is a constituent of banana oil. The ester linkage is additionally present in creature fats and other organically significant atoms. The concoction business likewise utilizes esters for an assortment of purposes. Ethyl acetic acid derivation, for instance, is regularly utilized as a dissolvable w hile numerous dialkyl phthalates are utilized as plasticizers to shield polymers from being fragile (McMurry, 2004). Methyl salicylate is delivered by numerous plants. It was first detached from wintergreen leaves, Gaulthea procumbens, and is normally known as oil of wintergreen. Fig. 3. Methyl salicylate An ester of salicylic corrosive and methanol, it covers one of the acidic hydrogens in salicylic corrosive by supplanting it with a methyl (CH3â€) gathering. Consequently, it is a generally lifeless aggravate that doesn't discharge salicylic corrosive proficiently into the body. It is, in this manner, not a successful pain relieving, or torment executioner. Be that as it may, it is added to numerous items, outstandingly for its aroma, particularly root lager and liniments. With the goal for it to be initiated, methyl salicylate must be changed over to salicylic corrosive by natural amalgamation, explicitly through saponification, a procedure much the same as that experienced by creature fats to become cleansers (McMurry, 2004). In this investigation, salicylic corrosive will be incorporated from methyl salicylate by base hydrolysis. Its separation steady will likewise be estimated through potentiometric titration. Similarly, the level of virtue the salicylic corrosive utilized in the response will be in like manner decided. Procedure In orchestrating salicylic corrosive, 1. 2 g of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were broken up in 7 mL water in a round base carafe.. Half of a milliliter (0. 5 mL) of methyl salicylate was added to this blend. The blend was then efluxed for 15 minutes and cooled to room temperature. One-milliliter augmentations of 3 M sulfuric corrosive (H2SO4) were included until the development of a white hasten, salicylic corrosive. Half of a milliliter (0. 5 mL) of the corrosive was added to guarantee total precipitation of the item. The blend was then cooled in an ice water shower with a temperature of at generally 5 °C for the response to die down. The item was then separated and flushed with cold water, and recrystallized in water. The solids were then separated on a pre-gauged channel paper and air-dried in the storage

Thursday, July 30, 2020

MIT TechTV Incredible videos from the MIT community

MIT TechTV Incredible videos from the MIT community I have three final exams this week, so what better time to be watching videos! No, not on YouTube, but on MIT Tech TV (http://techtv.mit.edu/about/)! If you think MIT students are too smothered with work to let their creative juices flow, think again. On May 18th, they announced the winners of their Tech Video Showcase. Watch the videos and judge for yourself… I swear you’ll enjoy them! Grand Prizewinners 1st Place: Godel Escher Bach for Kids! â€"http://techtv.mit.edu/file/95/ 2nd Place: Spice Cream â€"http://techtv.mit.edu/file/68/ 3rd Place: Aaron and His Buddy â€" http://techtv.mit.edu/file/96/ Special Jury Prizes Best Technical Execution: Media Lab at Night â€" http://techtv.mit.edu/file/31/ Most “MIT”: The Making of Mens et Manus (in Origami) Vol. 1 â€" (Does Brian look familiar? That’s because I’ve blogged about him!) http://techtv.mit.edu/file/93/ Best Satire: Dihydrogen Monoxide â€" http://techtv.mit.edu/file/94/ Which one is your favorite?

Friday, May 22, 2020

Analysis Of The Movie Wit - 1105 Words

The movie Wit is a heartfelt drama that I would consider a must see for those aspiring to enter any field of medicine. The movie is centered around the main character, Vivian Bearing, a strict English professor who specializes in the 17th century British poetry of John Donne. The film begins with Vivian Bearing discussing with her physician, Dr. Kelekian, the course of treatment for her recent diagnosis of advanced ovarian cancer. Vivian agrees to participate in a very aggressive experimental treatment of chemotherapy administered by Dr. Kelekian and one of her former students, John Posner, who is an assistant to Dr. Kelekian. The film depicts Vivian’s thoughts and emotions while going through the stages of this aggressive experimental†¦show more content†¦In a sense, a felt that Donne was saying that death dies to us because we no longer have to experience it. This was my interpretation of the poem, and I feel that this poem speaks to me because as a Christian, I und erstand that death is not the end, but merely a phase of transition in to the afterlife. Those of us who have faith in our God and the lord Jesus Christ, know that our souls rest eternally in heaven with God when we die. I think the fear of death arises because of the mysterious and unknown aspect of death, but for those who belief in the word of God, death no longer holds power over them. I also feel that the fear of death governs many of our actions and behaviors throughout our lifespan. For example, in the first half of our lives we adapt an individualistic approach to life, feeling that we have to do whatever we can in life to survive for ourselves. In this half of life, death governs our actions and behaviors by dividing us through the sense that we must compete with each other for better survival in this system or we could possibly experience the hardships of struggling to survive or even death. In our latter years of life, or the second half of our lives, we fear the nearing of death, so this causes us to reflect on our lives and we wish to obtain more valuable and intimate relationships. In the movie, Vivian reflects back on her life and compares the care sheShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie Wit791 Words   |  4 PagesThe movie â€Å"Wit† is a great educational tool for healthcare professionals in terms of dealing with terminally ill patients. It teaches that nurses and medical professionals should always remember that their patients are not a case nor illness nor experiment but rather human beings with souls and pains. Palliative care is one of the most disputed issues of worldwide importance. While bureaucrats in different countries are making laws on the use of palliative drugs, patients with excruciating painsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Wit, Nurse Susie s Character1183 Words   |  5 Pageshuman beings, this is seen especially in technologically advanced societies as exemplified in the movie Wit. In addition to this new problem, t here are clear establishments of hierarchy between medical professionals such as Doctors and nurses as well as the emotional detachments with the patients which can lead to patients feeling left out and alone. In the movie Wit, Nurse Susie’s character in this movie was essential to display the importance of having the emotional support between medical professionalsRead MoreAnalysis Of Wit And How It Positively Portrays Nursing1274 Words   |  6 PagesWit Movie Analysis What is nursing? 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The nurses’ sole purpose in this film is to promote healing, preserve dignity and respect the patient as a whole person. The nursingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film Wit Shows Us A Number Of Instances Of Foucault s Medical Gaze Essay2303 Words   |  10 PagesWit Movie Analysis The film Wit shows us a number of instances of Foucault’s â€Å"medical gaze† through technology which is defined as a new way for the physicians to see their patients differently (Davies, 2016). Many physicians do not rely on what the patient has to say but goes by what technology has to say about the patient (Davies, 2016). Technology can be closely related to the following six categories, which are diseased body, health professions, hospital, state, capital and the patient. It isRead MoreGood Night, and Good Luck Movie Review1234 Words   |  5 Pageshis producer Fred W. Friendly decided to challenge McCarthy to expose the fear that he holds. 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Michael grew up in the bad part of town in Memphis, Tennessee and was raised in foster careRead MoreEssay about American Psycho: Analysis of Novel and Movie Production1618 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Psycho: Analysis of Novel and Movie Production American Psycho has been recognized as a brilliant thriller of its time and can legitimately be labeled a scandalous novel. The novel was published in 1991 by the daring author Bret Easton Ellis and was later adapted into a movie production in 2000 by the director Mary Harron. The novel endured nasty criticism to the point of rousing riots and the boycott of the publishing company, Simon Schuster; who later dropped the publication ofRead MoreDon Quixote - The Relevance of the Ingenious Gentleman Today Essay1613 Words   |  7 Pages Many people have trouble connecting the terms ‘classic novel’ and ‘humorous’. However, when reminded of the adventures of the ingenious hidalgo of La Mancha, many will be able to make the connection. The diversity, wit, charm, humor, and philosophy presented in the novel make it one of the most famous novels ever written. Don Quixote, written by Miguel de Cervantes focuses on the titular, self-proclaimed knight-errant and hi s squire Sancho Panza’s adventures prompted by the knight’s delusion. QuixoteRead More Hotel Rwanda Essay example1565 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Tutsi, I say: read our history. The Tutsi were collaborators for the Belgian colonists, they stole our Hutu land, they whipped us. Now they have come back. We will squash the infestation.† -- ITLM Hutu Power Radio Then, I watched the movie. In a recreation of actual events, we are taken to Kigali, Rwanda’s capitol, shortly before the 100-day genocide began. Ultimately, at least 800,000 – some say over 1,000,000 – were killed. Paul Rusesabagina is the central figure of the story

Saturday, May 9, 2020

New Step by Step Roadmap for Writing a Research Proposal

New Step by Step Roadmap for Writing a Research Proposal To critically evaluate your own paper ways to understand its limitations and implications for additional work and research in the area, and you ought to make it obvious which you're realistic in the way you see your undertaking. The proposal should have enough info to convince your readers that you have a significant research idea, that you've got a great grasp of the appropriate literature and the key problems, and your methodology is sound. Typically, a research proposal should contain all the crucial elements involved with the research procedure and include sufficient information for those readers to rate the proposed study. So if you're struggling with methodology research proposal writing or even defining the ideal methodology you understand now exactly where you have to come for expert experienced assistance. The Awful Side of Writing a Research Proposal Writing a great research paper demands good planning and pre paration to make certain that you map out carefully what it is that you're going to do and how you will do it. Writing a research proposal engages quite a few skills. Authors should consider whether the title is readily understood and in the event the significance of what they're attempting to accomplish clear. They must remember that the proposal is not the final thesis. Identify what type of research work you need to conduct. You need to put out your research questions as clearly as possible, explain issues that you wish to explore and say why it's important to achieve that. When you have defined your research questions, you need to place out broadly what you intend to do in order to answer them, and why. With this much research available on any certain topic, research questions must be as clear as possible in order to work in helping the writer direct her or his research. The Foolproof Writing a Research Proposal Strategy The target of a proposal is to demonstrate the s ignificance of study a chosen issue and to present the practical ways where the research ought to be conducted. Authors should not underestimate how getting other people to review their proposal can improve it. Your proposal isn't just something which has to be approved to find permission to continue it also forms the outline of how you are going to conduct that research so it's important to receive it right from the beginning. There are several research proposal writing service in UK and assignments that exist in the united kingdom, which assist you in writing the very best. You should care for the proposal as a chance to prove that you have started to explore an important region of study and that you own a question, or questions, that challenge and produce that area. The following thing is that you must be scientific with your methodology. One of the absolute most important things to keep in mind while drafting a proposal is the simple fact that authors need to tailor it to suit the audience. It is very important to be certain that the purpose and the significance is pertinent to the target audience. Writing a Research Proposal: No Longer a Mystery There are lots of firms specialising in writing PhD thesis that are ready to provide you their support which will just assist you in writing a prosperous PhD research proposal which is going to be a unique thesis and creates a valid and productive contribution to your field of study. Thesis proposal has an important part in expounding on the way the intended research will end into new knowledge within the discipline of study. Essentially, thesis statement should cover why the research was done or to put it differently the goal of the research. Bear in mind, it's critical in the social sciences your hypothesis is testable and falsifiable. Just make certain to know what you're speaking about and be prepared to demonstrate your ideas. Writing prior to going to bed is a great habit which isn't simple t o keep. Your thoughts will get a lot more open to impressive ideas, unique ideas and innovative techniques of working with problems. The research ought to be done around the core ideas and writing ought to be made accordingly. How to Choose Writing a Research Proposal Make a list of all of the sections that you know your proposal must cover. Sure, it doesn't stick to the outline in the specific order there isn't any single formula for writing after all, but you will locate all the elements there. The outline should clearly depict different topics and subtopics through the usage of headings and subheadings. This outline covers the main elements of a research proposal. If you're not a writer then taking somebody's help or by making appropriate investigating to compose the paper you can stay away from the deadly mistakes which can destroy your paper. You can't just borrow a notion from an author as though he's just lending you a mug or a jar. If you're not able to write down an excellent research proposal, get the aid of online writing service available online. You can rely on the very best essay help online. Writing a Research Proposal: No Longer a Mystery Sometimes research proposal is written as part of an upcoming dissertation, sometimes as a distinct work preceding it, there are times when you might not be asked to write it in any way. A research proposal is the initial step in writing your project, which means that it's the most crucial portion of your research. It is part of a formal research process, so take it seriously. Before you commence writing your research proposal, have a look at our online guidelines, which will help provide you with a crystal clear comprehension of that which we search for in a research proposal. The main purpose of your research proposal would be to establish what the reach of your topic is and make a very good case on why you must pursue it. Before selecting a research topic ask yourself these questions. A research proposal is basically a plan for work in order to check a hypothesis or set of hypotheses as a way to answer a research question. It serves the following functions. A research proposal is not merely a statement of interest in a particular topic area. A brief explanation of why it is necessary to deal with the issue is going to be provided also. Specify the question your research will answer, establish why it's a considerable question, show how you're likely to answer the question, and indicate what you expect we'll learn. Again, a narrow question that you are able to research in detail is much better than a broad one which you won't have the ability to cover in full. How to Get Started with Writing a Research Proposal? The conclusion is the part at which you will seal the offer. If you believe it to purchase research proposal you need to pay plenty of money, you're right. The majority of the moment, the best plan of action is to cut your losses and continue on to the next thing.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Teenagers A Despairing Glimpse At Future Generations Free Essays

My piece is an argumentative article, intended for publication in a broadsheet newspaper such as The Daily Telegraph. The primary purpose is to argue a rather controversial idea based upon the semantic field of teenage culture and behaviour; however, the piece also aims to entertain with frequent use of humour through hyperbole and sarcasm, such as â€Å"Oh, how mature†. The text is aimed at an audience of educated adults, hence the formal and somewhat advanced lexis perpetuated throughout. We will write a custom essay sample on Teenagers: A Despairing Glimpse At Future Generations or any similar topic only for you Order Now My piece is based on an article by Quentin Letts, from which I adopted such linguistic features as repetitive listing, comedic imagery, satirical imitation and inclusive mode of address. I realised that Letts’ style was often overly pretentious, and that he often presents views which would be seen as controversial or belligerent by most, as displayed by the declarative â€Å"Many of us are bog-standard class†. His altercations often target certain groups of people, and this was utilised in my own piece by attacking a whole generation, much to the amusement of the given audience. Both mine and Letts’ articles are comparable in the sense that they are both self-deprecating: Letts, attacking the British whilst being a Briton himself, and me, attacking teenagers whilst acknowledging that I am a teenager myself. The use of mode of address helps to punctuate the self-inclusive nature, with the first-person plural pronoun â€Å"we† used to bridge a connection between me and teenagers, and to establish an unwanted common ground. Although I am wholly included within the recipients of my own blame, I make it obvious that I wish to be distanced from teenagers as I am writing from a viewpoint which does not want to be related with teenagers. I utilise various methods which help emphasise my stance. A method of intimidation which Letts uses is imitation as demonstrated with the declarative â€Å"e don’t love me!†, which is thus emulated in my piece with: â€Å"ME MAM BURNT ME CHIKEN NUGETS!† which also uses satiric misspelling to hyperbolise the remark, and maintain the humour of the piece in order to conform to the purpose. The use of such imitation makes clear the dissonance between me and teenagers as it directly parodies them in a somewhat demeaning way. Letts helps to convey his argument by use of metaphors such as â€Å"climbing down into the gutter is a dangerous tactic†. This was mirrored in my piece with the metaphor â€Å"we speedily climb the ladder of maturity, whilst our parents wait at the top† which not only presents clever imagery to affirm the point for the reader, but also provides humour in a more refined way; use of such humour is used to adjust more with the audience of the piece. When writing the piece, I aimed to argue my point in a succinct and structured way, which would simultaneously permeate an air of humour and pretension which Letts so adequately upholds. The audience is under consideration throughout, with clear attempts to maintain formal lexis and thus appease those of higher education and class, as shown with such words as the concrete noun â€Å"cacophony† and the descriptive adjective â€Å"gargantuan†. Yet this effectively contrasts with the satiric use of informal lexis such as colloquial adjective â€Å"plastered†, and the ironic use of such text abbreviations as â€Å"TBH† and â€Å"IDK†. How to cite Teenagers: A Despairing Glimpse At Future Generations, Papers

Wednesday, April 29, 2020

The Bacchi Essays - Mythological Kings, Lycia, Sarpedon, Trojans

The Bacchi Man, supposing you and I, escaping this battle Would be able to live on forever, ageless, immortal, So neither would I myself go on fighting in the foremost Nor would I urge you into fighting where men win glory. But now, seeing that the spirits of death stand close about us In their thousands, no man an turn aside nor escape them, Let us go on and win glory for ourselves, or yield to others Sarpedon speaks this passage to Glaukos, why Sarpedon was chosen to speak these words might be because he was the result of one of Zeus' many affairs. Sarpedon's courage is also mentioned in line 104 of book twelve, which helps to support his words in this passage. The passage itself deals with the build up of the Trojans breaking through the defense that the Achians had constructed to defend their ships and men. It is at the end of book twelve that Hektor with the aide of Zeus breaks through the Achian wall by throwing a massive rock, which appears to be Herculean in nature. What makes this even more remarkable is that the Trojan forces had bombarded the wall with all their might and had been unable to break through. Then, when it appeared that they would not be able to do it, Hektor stepped up and in true Heroic fashion solved the problem. A common question which comes up, is why in many Greek stories do you see people fighting a battle in which they now they are going to loose. The attack on the Trojans was of very little consequence to many of the men who were at this battle. If they one or lost would not overly affect their cities, except for the fact that either way there would be far fewer men when they returned. So why then did the fight these battles? The answer is really quite simple. In ancient Greek civilization, there existed a Heroic code that had to be followed. The Consequences for not following this code was disgrace, which was worse then death. No man would want his name disgraced, for not only would it affect him, but also his family and possible his city. Just as Sarpedon says ?Let us go on and wind glory for ourselves By fighting, in death or life both Glaukos and Sarpedon will now always be remembered as heroes. The reason why the Heroic code existed can be attributed to the Greeks concept of death. To them there was no afterlife. Therefore, it was necessary to have a celebrated life since upon death there was nothing else. If you did not have success and honor in life, there was nothing left for you afterwards. Another perfect example and explanation of the Heroic code occurs in Book One of Herodotus' The Histories. It is at line 35 that Solon tells the story of Cleobis and Biton. The story in its basic nature is about two sons who respect their mother so much that they carry her to the festival of Hera so that she would not be late. Upon arriving at the festival, the two sons passed away. While the story is about the death of two sons, it is not meant to be sad. For as Solon says in the passage ?they had a most-enviable death-a heaven- sent proof of how much better it is to be dead than alive.? So not only in Homer's text is this Heroic code observed, but in texts which occur much later. It is true that the Greeks felt that it is better to die well then to live long and have a poor death, the same cannot be said about their gods. In the minds of the Greeks, the gods were immortal and such trivial things as life and death did not concern them. While they prayed to the gods for favors, and prosperity they knew that if they did grant their requests it was done out of either kindness or pity for the lesser humans. This is illustrated throughout the Iliad by looking at the actions of Zeus, Hera and the other gods. While they do take sides, who wins to them is more like a bet. The way in